![]() ![]() ![]() In particular, RNA structural diversity and functional dynamics produce a very intricate transfer of genetic information. Information flow from the genome to phenome is dependent on genesis of new RNAs that serve as key as intermediates in this process 1. Therefore, we propose that alternative transcripts are minimal functional units in genomes and the traditional central dogma concept should be now examined under a systems biology approach. However, gene-based analysis failed to reach such a resolution. Overall, gene knockout triggers genome plasticity via use of APSs, completing the G2P processes. Five genes: Car3 (carbonic anhydrase 3), Mylk4 (myosin light chain kinase family, member 4), Neb (nebulin), Obscn (obscurin) and Pfkm (phosphofructokinase, muscle) utilized different APSs with potentially antagonistic effects on muscle function. The DE-APSs that were related to reduced and increased muscle mass were down-regulated in AMPKα1-KO mice, but up-regulated in AMPKα2-KO mice, respectively. The differentially expressed APSs (DE-APSs) that were down-regulated tended to be distal. A total of 56,483 APSs were derived from gastrocnemius muscles. AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 are two α subunits of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which serves as a cellular sensor in regulation of many biological events. Here we test our hypothesis that altered myogenesis seen in AMPKα1- and AMPKα2-KO mice is caused by use of alternative polyadenylation sites (APSs). Currently available mouse knockout (KO) lines remain largely uncharacterized for genome-to-phenome (G2P) information flows. ![]()
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